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Paulo Esteves
Professor at the Institute of International Relations at PUC-Rio and researcher at the BRICS Policy Center.
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Every low-emission technology rests on the so-called critical minerals. The reserves sit in developing countries and in China. The refining, the components and the patents sit in developed countries. This artefact traces that gap across sixteen minerals and six value chains, from the reserve to the finished product.
Notes · Substack
Oct 2026
BRICS under the Indian Chairship: Geopolitical Competition and Intra-Group Dynamics
Apr 2026The Escalation did not end
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Research areas
01
BRICS
Reconfiguration of the order and multipolarity.
Open →02Industrial Policy, Green Technology and Critical Minerals
Green deterioration of the terms of trade and peripheral industrialisation.
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Policy brief · South Centre
Intellectual property and the green technology divide: barriers, policy spaces and collective options for developing countries
Esteves · 2026
Article · Cadernos Fiocruz
A geopolítica dos minerais críticos: reservas, refino e a economia política da posição
Esteves · 2026
Article · Cadernos Fiocruz
Primazia coercitiva e o ciclo de retroalimentação da sobre-extensão: Trump II, a guerra com o Irã e a erosão da hegemonia
Esteves · 2026
Article · South African Journal of International Affairs
Be careful what you wish for: Brazil and BRICS in three acts
Esteves & Coelho · 2025